Vizora日本語

Glossary

The terms used in financial statements, and how Vizora produces each figure.

Operating margin by industryGross margin by industrySalary by industry

Profit and loss

Revenue (net sales, operating revenue)
Total income from selling goods and services in the core business.
Cost of sales
The cost of making or buying the goods that were sold.
Gross profitBy industry →
Revenue minus cost of sales.
On Vizora: Derived from revenue and cost of sales when not reported, and marked as derived.
SG&A
Selling, general and administrative expenses: staff, advertising, rent, R&D and so on.
Operating income
Gross profit minus SG&A: profit from the core business.
On Vizora: The 'core profit' in 'Where 100 yen of sales goes' is this figure rescaled so that revenue equals 100 yen.
Operating marginBy industry →
Operating income divided by revenue. Levels differ widely by industry.
Five-axis industry profile
A comparison of company growth, profitability, cash conversion, efficiency and financial strength against peers.
On Vizora: Shows each percentile independently in a dot plot within the company's primary industry (the assigned industry with the highest latest revenue). Missing data or fewer than three peers is labeled unavailable. No combined score is calculated; industry rank is not investment advice.
ROA (return on assets)
Net income attributable to parent divided by average total assets. Uses ending assets when a prior period is unavailable.
ROE (return on equity)
Net income attributable to parent divided by average equity attributable to parent.
On Vizora: Total equity approximates parent equity when parent equity is unavailable. Omitted when profit or equity is not positive. Leverage can raise ROE, so the ratio alone does not assess a company's condition.
Revenue/profit pattern
A descriptive classification of whether revenue and core profit rose or fell year over year, with profit/loss transitions shown separately.
On Vizora: Comparable annual periods only; banks and insurers use ordinary income as core profit.
Operating leverage
Core profit growth divided by revenue growth.
On Vizora: Shown only when both periods are profitable and revenue growth is at least 0.1%.
Ordinary income / ordinary revenue
A Japanese GAAP profit level that adds non-operating items such as interest. Banks and insurers use ordinary revenue instead of sales.
On Vizora: Banks and insurers are drawn as ordinary revenue → ordinary expenses → ordinary income.
Net income attributable to owners of the parent
The bottom line after all costs and taxes, excluding the share of minority shareholders in subsidiaries.

Cash flow

Operating cash flow
Cash actually generated by the core business, including changes in receivables and inventory.
Cash ratio
Cash and cash equivalents divided by total assets.
On Vizora: Calculated from reported cash and total assets. Banks and insurers are excluded from the industry median and ranking.
Cash ÷ revenue
Cash and cash equivalents divided by revenue.
On Vizora: Omitted when revenue is nonpositive.
Capital expenditure
Cash spent on property, plant, equipment and intangible assets.
Free cash flow
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditure.
On Vizora: Calculated with this formula, not taken from filings.
Net income to operating cash flow bridge
Operating cash flow minus net income.
On Vizora: Shown in the company model graph. It combines the effects of non-cash items and working capital; it does not identify their individual components.
Shareholder returns
Dividends plus share buybacks.
Cash conversion
Operating cash flow divided by operating income.
On Vizora: Shown when operating income is positive. Cash quality ratios are omitted for banks and insurers.
Shareholder return rate
Dividends plus buybacks divided by net income or free cash flow.
On Vizora: Shown only when the denominator is positive.
CapEx intensity
Capital expenditure divided by revenue.
On Vizora: Industry medians are grouped by primary industry and shown for groups with at least three companies.
Revenue per employee
Consolidated revenue divided by consolidated employees.
On Vizora: The company ranking requires revenue of at least ¥10bn and at least 100 employees. Implausible employee counts are excluded.
Operating income per employee
Consolidated operating income divided by consolidated employees.
On Vizora: Banks and insurers are excluded because their operating-income format differs. Average salary is a separate parent-company figure.
Average annual salary
Average compensation including bonuses, as reported in the annual filing.
On Vizora: Shown for the filing company (parent only), separately from consolidated employees. Industry medians use the same parent-company basis.
Overseas revenue share
Total regional revenue less Japan/domestic revenue, divided by company-wide revenue.
On Vizora: Shown only when regional revenue is disclosed, Japan/domestic revenue is identified, and the regional total differs from company revenue by less than 5%.

Per-share and share data

EPS (earnings per share)
Profit attributable to each share.
On Vizora: Shown as reported in the annual filing; Vizora does not add its own stock-split adjustment.
Book value per share
Net assets attributable to each share.
On Vizora: Shown as reported in the annual filing.
Dividend per share
Dividend paid for each share.
On Vizora: Shown as reported. The reported payout ratio is preferred; a difference above one percentage point from dividend per share divided by EPS is flagged.
Payout ratio
Dividends as a share of earnings.
On Vizora: The reported ratio is preferred; if missing, dividends per share are divided by positive EPS. PER, which requires a stock price, is not included.
Equity ratio
Equity as a share of total assets.
On Vizora: Shown as reported in the filing.
Shares outstanding and treasury shares
Shares issued by a company and shares held by the company itself.
On Vizora: Shown from the annual report, alongside the reported shareholder count.
Shareholder count
Number of shareholders reported in the annual filing.
On Vizora: Shown as reported.

Businesses and companies

Notable figures
Short observations about patterns in a company's reported figures.
On Vizora: Deterministic templates select and rank candidates from published snapshots, showing at most three and keeping references to their inputs. AI does not generate these statements or figures.
Multi-year change
A comparison of a company's scale and business mix across several annual reports.
On Vizora: Compares the earliest available of up to six annual periods with the latest. Percentage changes are omitted if accounting standards, currencies, or consolidation scope differ; accounting transition years are marked. Segment revenue shares connect by stable segment keys; unmatched flows indicate new or reorganized businesses.
Segment revenue CAGR
Compound annual growth rate of a business segment's revenue across multiple annual reports.
On Vizora: Calculated from earliest to latest disclosed positive revenue when the span is at least two years and accounting basis matches.
Segment
A business unit for which a company reports revenue and profit separately.
On Vizora: Industries are assigned per segment. Segment revenue can include inter-segment sales, so segments may not add up to the company total. Revenue shares use total segment revenue; profit shares use total positive segment profit, with losses listed separately. Difference is profit share minus revenue share (percentage points); margin is segment profit divided by revenue. Profit comparisons require every segment’s profit and source confidence of at least 0.8.
Consolidated
Financial statements that combine a parent company and its subsidiaries.
Major shareholders
The largest shareholders listed in the annual report and the percentage of shares they hold.
On Vizora: Ownership maps use the latest disclosure only. 50%+ is labelled subsidiary and 20%+ affiliate, based on ownership alone.
Where 100 yen of sales goes
The income statement rescaled so that revenue equals 100 yen (a common-size income statement).
On Vizora: Parts are rounded to whole yen and adjusted to total exactly 100. The model is omitted with an explanation when neither operating income nor the required inputs are available. Bank segment gross profit is not used as a substitute for revenue.

Assets and liabilities

Current assets
Assets expected to be converted to cash within one year.
On Vizora: Checked against total assets; omitted when not reported. Banks and insurers are excluded.
Total assets
The total resources owned or controlled by a company.
On Vizora: Checked against total liabilities plus equity. Banks and insurers are excluded from the new balance-sheet metrics.
Trade receivables
Amounts due from customers for goods or services already provided.
Inventories
Goods for sale, work in progress and raw materials.
Property, plant and equipment
Tangible long-term assets such as land, buildings and machinery.
Asset intensity (property, plant and equipment ÷ revenue)
Tangible fixed assets relative to revenue; levels differ with industry structure.
On Vizora: Industry medians require reported fixed assets and revenue of at least ¥1bn. Banks and insurers are excluded.
Intangible assets
Non-physical assets such as software and patents.
On Vizora: When IFRS combines intangibles and goodwill, goodwill is subtracted only if it is separately reported.
Goodwill
The excess of acquisition consideration over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired.
Investment securities
Shares, bonds and other securities held for investment rather than short-term trading.
Current liabilities
Obligations expected to be settled within one year.
Trade payables
Amounts owed to suppliers for goods or services received.
Interest-bearing debt
Borrowings and bonds that incur interest.
On Vizora: Calculated when short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings and bonds are all reported. For IFRS, the sum of current and non-current interest-bearing-liability subtotals is used when disclosed. Lease liabilities are excluded. Banks and insurers are excluded.
Net cash
Cash and cash equivalents minus interest-bearing debt. A negative balance is net debt.
On Vizora: Omitted if either cash or debt is unavailable. Lease liabilities are excluded from interest-bearing debt.
Net debt ÷ operating cash flow
Interest-bearing debt minus cash, divided by operating cash flow.
On Vizora: Calculated only when operating cash flow is positive. Negative values indicate net cash.
Short-term borrowings
Borrowings due within one year.
Long-term borrowings
Borrowings due more than one year in the future.
Bonds
Debt securities issued by a company to raise funds.
Total liabilities
All obligations the company must settle.
On Vizora: Checked with equity against total assets.
Equity
The residual interest in assets after liabilities are deducted.
Assets and funding mix
How a company's assets are split and whether they are funded by liabilities or equity.
On Vizora: Reported components are shown as shares of total assets and rounded to 100%. Unidentified amounts are shown as other. Banks and insurers are excluded.
Equity attributable to owners of parent
The portion of consolidated equity belonging to the parent company's shareholders.
On Vizora: Derived as total equity less non-controlling interests when directly reported parent equity is unavailable.
Retained earnings
Accumulated profits retained after dividends and other allocations.
Treasury stock
A company's own shares that it has repurchased and holds.

Filings and data

Annual securities report (yuho)
The annual report listed Japanese companies file with the FSA.
EDINET
The FSA's system for filing and viewing disclosure documents.
XBRL
A format that tags each number in financial statements so machines can read it accurately.
On Vizora: All figures are read from XBRL and stored with the document ID.
Fiscal year
Most Japanese companies close their books at the end of March (FY ending March 2026 = April 2025 to March 2026).